Mobile commerce and WML

Mobile commerce

Technology behind mobile commerce

Wireless services - what they could be?

What is WAP?

Development of WAP

WAP architecture

WAP protocols

WAP application environment

The logical model of WAE

WML and WMLScript languages

Syntax of WML and WMLScript languages

What type of element categories WML language consists of?

Formatting properties

Linking properties

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<!-- FILE: Formatting.wml -->
<!-- Text formatting and card linking properties -->
<wml>
<card id="formatting" title="Formatting">
<do type="Next page">
<go href="#table"/>
</do>
<p align="left">
<em>WAP Toolkit</em><br/>
<strong>WAP Toolkit</strong><br/>
<b>WAP Toolkit</b><br/>
<i>WAP Toolkit</i><br/>
<u>WAP Toolkit</u><br/>
<big>WAP Toolkit</big><br/>
<small>WAP Toolkit</small><br/>
</p>
</card>
<!-- Table and card linking properties -->
<card id="table" title="Table">
<do type="Next page">
<go href="#graphics"/>
</do>
<do type="Previous page">
<go href="#formatting"/>
</do>
<p align="center">
<table columns="3">
<tr><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>13</td></tr>
<tr><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>23</td></tr>
<tr><td>31</td><td>32</td><td>33</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
</card>
<!-- Graphics, task and linking properties -->
<card id="graphics" title="Graphics">
<p align="left">
Bitmap image:
<img src="sunny.wbmp" alt="sunny day"/><br/>
<a href="Input.wml">Input properties</a><br/>
<anchor>Variable properties
<go href="Variable.wml"/></anchor>
<anchor>Previous page<prev/></anchor>
</p>
</card>
</wml>

Input and select properties

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<!-- FILE: Input.wml -->
<!-- Input and linking properties -->
<wml>
<card id="input1" title="Input">
<do type="Next input properties">
<go href="#input2"/>
</do>
<do type="Task properties">
<go href="Task.wml"/>
</do>
<p align="left">
CD: <input name="Cd" size="12"/><br/>
Artist: <input name="Artist" size="12"/><br/>
Price: <input name="Price" size="12"/><br/>
</p>
</card>
<!-- Input, card and deck linking and select properties -->
<card id="input2" title="Input">
<do type="Previous input properties">
<go href="#input1"/>
</do>
<do type="Variable properties">
<go href="Variable.wml"/>
</do>
<p align="left">
Artist: <input name="Artist" title="Artist:" size="12"/><br/>
Type: <select name="type" value="double" title="Type:">
<option value="single">Single CD</option>
<option value="double">Double CD</option>
</select>
</p>
</card>
</wml>

Task properties

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<!-- FILE: Variable.wml -->
<!-- Variable properties -->
<wml>
<card id="variable" title="Variable" ontimer="WMLScript.wml">
<timer value="5"/>
<p align="left">
Wait for 5 seconds ...
</p>
</card>
</wml>

Example of WMLScript

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<!-- FILE: WMLScript.wml -->
<!-- A WMLScript example -->
<wml>
<card id="wmlscript" title="Currency convertor">
<p>
Amount: <input format="*N" name="amount" title="Amount:"/>
From: <select name="from" value="USD" title="From:">
<option value="DEM">German Mark</option>
<option value="FRF">French Franc</option>
<option value="USD">US Dollar</option>
</select>
To: <select name="to" value="FRF" title="To:">
<option value="DEM">German Mark</option>
<option value="FRF">French Franc</option>
<option value="USD">US Dollar</option>
</select><br/>
= <u>$(conversion)</u>
</p>
<do type="accept" label="Calculate">
<go href="currency.wmls#convert('conversion','$(from)',
'$(to)',$(amount))"/>
</do>
</card>
</wml>
/* FILE: Currency.wmls
* Calculate the exchange rate
* @param varName - the variable to store the results
* @param amount - the amount to convert
* @param from - the original currency
* @param to - the currency to convert to
* @return a string containing the converted amount
*/
extern function convert(varName,from,to,amount) {
var multiplier = 0.0;
var returnString = "Not Available";
var result;
if (from == "DEM") {
var DEM_FRF = 0.298331;
var DEM_USD = 1.653500;
if (to == "DEM")
multiplier = 1.0;
else if (to == "FRF")
multiplier = DEM_FRF;
else if (to == "USD")
multiplier = DEM_USD;
} else if (from == "FRF") {
var FRF_DEM = 3.351981;
var FRF_USD = 5.542500;
if (to == "FRF")
multiplier = 1.0;
else if (to == "DEM")
multiplier = FRF_DEM;
else if (to == "USD")
multiplier = FRF_USD;
} else if (from == "USD") {
var USD_DEM = 0.604778;
var USD_FRF = 0.180424;
if (to == "USD")
multiplier = 1.0;
else if (to == "FRF")
multiplier = USD_FRF;
else if (to == "DEM")
multiplier = USD_DEM;
}
if (multiplier != 0.0) {
/* Make the calculation*/
result = amount / multiplier;
returnString = String.toString(result);
returnString = String.format("%.2f", returnString);
}
/*Return the results to the browser*/
WMLBrowser.setVar(varName,returnString);
WMLBrowser.refresh();
}

Conclusions

Usability issues