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XML'99: the dreams and the reality

 Lou   Burnard
  Manager
  Humanities Computing Unit, Oxford University  13 Banbury Road
Oxford   United Kingdom  OX2 6NN
Phone: +44 1865 273 221
Fax: +44 1865 273 275
Email: lou.burnard@oucs.ox.ac.uk Web: http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/
 
Biographical notice:
 
Lou Burnard has worked at the interface between information technology and the humanities since the 1970s. He spent many years designing and implementing database systems for research and teaching, and in running the Oxford Text Archive, an early prototype for what we now know as the digital library. He first heard the word SGML some time around 1987, during the planning stages of what was to become the international Text Encoding Initiative. Since March 1990, he has been European editor of the TEI, and had the pleasure of handing Charles Goldfarb a copy of the first edition of that Initiative's work, co-edited with Michael Sperberg-McQueen, at SGML Europe 1994. More recently he participated as a member of the extended workgroup which defined XML, and has been active in promoting and teaching XML and SGML in the academic context. Other recently published work includes the British National Corpus, a one hundred million word corpus of modern British English, for which he helped develop SARA, the SGML-Aware Retrieval Application. He is currently working with two different groups trying to develop SGML-based standards for the detailed cataloguing and description of medieval manuscripts, and with a UK library project investigating metadata needs for long term preservation of digital resources.
 
ABSTRACT:
 
This presentation will attempt the impossible: to sum up, and reflect coherently upon, the state of the art in the XML world as reflected at this conference. It will necessarily be selective in its comments, biassed in its judgment, and possibly downright controversial in its assessments, but that's the price you pay for asking an academic's opinions. The SGML and XML worlds, if they exist and if they are different, have always been remarkably tolerant of idealists and dreamers, perhaps because both have been forged largely by people with over-inflated agendas. But what happens when you wake up from a dream and discover it's become reality?
 

The Dreams

 
I will begin by recapping the wider agenda of XML, as I understand it: the empowerment of the user; the wider distribution of control over the forms in which information is captured, processed, and preserved; the defiance of monopoly.
 
I'll try to express that political agenda in terms of a less threatening metaphors relating to the ways we use and perceive software. Most current software design is predicated on a desire to de-skill the user; yet by emphasizing user empowerment XML requires user skills. Most current software development emphasizes platform dependencies as a way of fragmenting the marketplace; yet XML encourages cross-platform development. Most current software aims for the Big Solution; yet XML is designed for the neat gizmo. Are XML developers therefore all hopelessly unrealistic dreamers?
 

The Reality

 
Most of my talk will be relentlessly realistic. What do we have to show for our week of of presentations, exhibition and intense conversations? How, in fact, are people applying the XML dream? What kinds of systems are being built, and how far are they realizing that dream? What kinds of products are we seeing in the market place, and how well do they meet the intended goals of the SGML revolution? I cannot yet say what answers I'll find for these questions, but whether they be positive or negative, I hope to give you something to think about as you trek homewards.

The need for a European XML/EDI Pilot Project   Table of contents   Indexes   The Interchange of Mathematics in XML: MathML, OpenMath and their Application